DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)
Patient Information
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic medical condition in which the body is unable to properly control blood sugar (glucose) levels. This occurs either because the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
Diabetes is common, manageable, and treatable with proper medical care and lifestyle changes.
Common Causes of Diabetes Mellitus
Medical & Biological Factors
Family history of diabetes
Insulin resistance
Pancreatic diseases
Hormonal disorders
Certain medications (e.g., steroids)
Lifestyle Factors
Overweight and obesity
Poor dietary habits (high sugar and refined foods)
Physical inactivity
Excessive alcohol intake
Smoking
Pregnancy-Related
Gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)
Common Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Increased hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue and weakness
Blurred vision
Slow-healing wounds
Frequent infections
Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
Some people may have diabetes without obvious symptoms.
Complications of Poorly Controlled Diabetes
High blood pressure and heart disease
Stroke
Kidney disease
Eye problems (diabetic retinopathy)
Nerve damage
Erectile dysfunction and sexual problems
Foot ulcers and infections
Management and Treatment Options
Healthy diet and meal planning
Regular physical activity
Blood sugar monitoring
Oral medications
Insulin therapy (when indicated)
Treatment of associated conditions such as hypertension and high cholesterol
Regular medical follow-up
Avoid self-medication or unverified herbal remedies. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.
Can Diabetes Mellitus Be Prevented or Controlled?
Maintain a healthy body weight
Eat balanced meals rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
Exercise regularly
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
Reduce sugar and processed foods
Monitor blood pressure and blood sugar levels
Attend regular health check-ups
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